![]() ![]() The P-wave reflects atrial depolarization (activation). The P-wave, PR interval and PR segmentĮCG interpretation traditionally starts with an assessment of the P-wave. ECG interpretation requires knowledge of these waves and intervals. Important intervals and points of measurement are depicted. The classical ECG curve with its most common waveforms. Relative to the R-waves, T-waves are too large and pointed (differential diagnoses are considered below). Relatively large T-waves in V2-V3, with ST-segment elevations. Slight ST-segment elevation in leads V2-V3, which is normal in men and women. Sinus rhythm, rapid progression of R-waves in precordial leads. Discrete ST-segment depressions in leads V5-V6. R-waves have low amplitude, suggesting low voltage (see below). Also note that this chapter is accompanied by a comprehensive video lecture ( Video lecture: The Normal ECG). ![]() Thus, in this chapter, you will learn the physiological basis of all ECG waves and how to determine whether the ECG is normal or abnormal. Although heart rhythm will be discussed in detail in the next chapters, fundamental aspects of rhythm will also be covered in this discussion (refer to Normal Rhythm and Arrhythmias). A rather extensive discussion is provided in order to give the reader firm knowledge of normal findings, normal variants (i.e less common variants of what is considered normal) and pathological variants. This chapter will focus on the ECG waves in terms of morphology (appearance), durations and intervals. At the heart of ECG interpretation lies the ability to determine whether the ECG waves and intervals are normal. This is arguably one of the most important chapters throughout this course. The entire exercise takes around 10-20 minutes and will clear out your lungs properly.ECG Interpretation: definitions, criteria, and characteristics of the normal ECG waves, intervals, durations and rhythm Keep doing this exercise until no more mucus can be expelled. When you have repeated this exercise 5-6 times and have not coughed yet, try coughing to expel any mucus present. ![]() You can then alternate between quick and slow breathing, holding your breath for 2-3 seconds after every exhalation. Then you repeat this again, but this time very slowly so that your exhalations are three times as long as your inhalations. First, you breathe in and out of the device five times at regular intervals. The blue valve is the low flow flutter valve and is created for patients who can exhale less than 15 liters each minute. The green valve is the high flow flutter valve which is designed for patients who are able to exhale 15 liters every minute or more for about three seconds. ![]() Two types of Acapella Flutter Valves are available in the market. Moreover, exhaling against resistance will create a positive pressure that will help clear out your lungs and ease your breathing. When you exhale into the Acapella valve, the ball will start moving up and down causing your airways to vibrate. The flutter device consists of a cone shaped valve that has a tiny steel ball in it. This will regulate the movement of mucus and transfer it from peripheral airways to bigger central airways where it can be easily coughed out. A Flutter Valve – What It Does and How It WorksĪ flutter valve will help clear your lungs by using positive pressure or PEP therapy as well as airway vibrations. Such patients use the Acapella device to clear their lungs of mucus to facilitate easy breathing. Many people suffering from COPD and cystic fibrosis face difficulty in breathing as their lungs are filled with mucus and are unable to function properly. Hindrance in breathing can cause a lot of uneasiness for a person. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |